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The Indonesian national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, “the different are one” (or “unity in diversity”), is commonly said to express the modern destiny of the sprawling island republic: a great variety of cultural forms and polities over the centuries that ushered into a unitary idea shaped by anticolonial struggle and national awakening. In fact, Indonesia is an inversion (and continuation) of the Dutch Colonial State that was finally dismantled in 1949 and itself contained a lot of diversity.
